{"id":343,"date":"2024-03-22T12:09:26","date_gmt":"2024-03-22T12:09:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ekitap.ankara.edu.tr\/dentures\/chapter\/kennedy-siniflarina-gore-planlama-ozeti\/"},"modified":"2025-06-03T12:27:27","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T12:27:27","slug":"kennedy-siniflarina-gore-planlama-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ekitap.ankara.edu.tr\/dentures\/chapter\/kennedy-siniflarina-gore-planlama-ozeti\/","title":{"raw":"An overview of treatment planning based on Kennedy classifications","rendered":"An overview of treatment planning based on Kennedy classifications"},"content":{"raw":"\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

Planning criteria for Kennedy Class I<\/h1>\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Bilateral planning: Bilateral distal extension abutments (rotation around diametric or diagonal fulcrum axis)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Mesio-occlusal rests<\/li>\r\n \t
  • In anterior modifications, consider fixed partial denture (bridge) option (within the limitations of Ante's law)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Bilateral flexible clasp assemblies<\/li>\r\n \t
  • No additional clasps in anterior modifications<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Indirect retainers in the bilateral anterior region: mesial arch stabilization<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Short guiding planes<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Maximally extended denture bases and functional impression for tissue support<\/li>\r\n \t
  • More rigid major connector required for distal extension denture base movement<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Bilateral balanced occlusion (especially in maxillary Class I cases with long edentulous spans)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    \r\n

    Planning criteria for Kennedy Class II<\/h1>\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • Bilateral planning: Terminal abutments on the distal extension side and on the most posterior molar of the opposing arch (rotation around a diagonal fulcrum axis)<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Unilateral planning is only applicable in cases limited to the use of a precision attachment<\/li>\r\n \t
    • In anterior modifications, consider the option of a fixed partial denture (bridge)\u00a0option (within the limitations of Ante's law)<\/li>\r\n \t
    • In posterior modifications, utilize the advantages of direct and indirect retainers without resorting to a bridge<\/li>\r\n \t
    • When a posterior modification is present, triangular support and retention can be achieved with an additional (secondary) abutment anterior to the modification; however, due to the presence of a distal extension base, rotation still occurs around a diagonal fulcrum axis despite three-point support with three abutment teeth<\/li>\r\n \t
    • On the distal extension side: mesio-occlusal rest; on the opposing arch, additional rest support<\/li>\r\n \t
    • On the distal extension side, flexible clasp on the primary abutment; on the opposing arch, circumferential clasp on the most posterior abutment<\/li>\r\n \t
    • In posterior modifications, on the abutment anterior to the modification space: flexible clasp<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Indirect retainer on the opposing arch: cross-arch stabilization<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Utilize the posterior modification space as an indirect retainer<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Short guiding planes<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Maximally extended denture base and functional impression for tissue support<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Rigid major connector<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Unilateral balanced occlusion, group function, or canine-guided occlusion, depending on the length of the edentulous span<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      \r\n

      Planning criteria for Kennedy Class III<\/h1>\r\n
        \r\n \t
      • Bilateral planning: Terminal (primary) abutments form a triangular or quadrangular support plane (in posterior modifications), with no rotation for denture base\/s<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Rests placed on surfaces adjacent to the edentulous space<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Triangular or quadrangular configuration, commonly planned with rigid circumferential clasp assemblies<\/li>\r\n \t
      • No need for indirect retainers<\/li>\r\n \t
      • In anterior modifications, consider a fixed partial denture option (within the limitations of Ante's law)<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Extended and multiple guiding planes contribute to retention and help eliminate clasps from esthetic zones<\/li>\r\n \t
      • No need for tissue support or functional impression<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Rigid but simplified and comfortable major connector<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Preserve the patient\u2019s existing occlusal scheme (canine guidance or group function)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
        \r\n

        Planning criteria for Kennedy Class IV<\/h1>\r\n
          \r\n \t
        • Two terminal abutments adjacent to the anterior edentulous span and additional bilateral abutments at the most posterior region of the dental arch<\/li>\r\n \t
        • Disto-occlusal rests on the anterior terminal abutments; bilateral embrasure rests on the posterior abutments<\/li>\r\n \t
        • Diametric or diagonal fulcrum axis (passing through the anterior abutments)<\/li>\r\n \t
        • Quadrangular clasp design or preferably only embrasure circumferential clasps on posterior abutments<\/li>\r\n \t
        • Elimination of anterior clasps by using bilateral short guiding planes<\/li>\r\n \t
        • Bilateral indirect retainers in the posterior region: distal arch stabilization<\/li>\r\n \t
        • Maximally extended denture base and functional impression for tissue support (especially in long-span edentulous areas)<\/li>\r\n \t
        • Rigid major connector<\/li>\r\n \t
        • Adjusted tooth arrangement (with no labial denture base flange) when no vertical or horizontal advanced resorption is present or presence of bony undercuts<\/li>\r\n \t
        • In occlusion: passive contact with opposing anterior natural teeth, with no contact during eccentric movements<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n\r\n ","rendered":"\n\n\n
          \n

          Planning criteria for Kennedy Class I<\/h1>\n
            \n
          • Bilateral planning: Bilateral distal extension abutments (rotation around diametric or diagonal fulcrum axis)<\/li>\n
          • Mesio-occlusal rests<\/li>\n
          • In anterior modifications, consider fixed partial denture (bridge) option (within the limitations of Ante’s law)<\/li>\n
          • Bilateral flexible clasp assemblies<\/li>\n
          • No additional clasps in anterior modifications<\/li>\n
          • Indirect retainers in the bilateral anterior region: mesial arch stabilization<\/li>\n
          • Short guiding planes<\/li>\n
          • Maximally extended denture bases and functional impression for tissue support<\/li>\n
          • More rigid major connector required for distal extension denture base movement<\/li>\n
          • Bilateral balanced occlusion (especially in maxillary Class I cases with long edentulous spans)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

             <\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n

            Planning criteria for Kennedy Class II<\/h1>\n
              \n
            • Bilateral planning: Terminal abutments on the distal extension side and on the most posterior molar of the opposing arch (rotation around a diagonal fulcrum axis)<\/li>\n
            • Unilateral planning is only applicable in cases limited to the use of a precision attachment<\/li>\n
            • In anterior modifications, consider the option of a fixed partial denture (bridge)\u00a0option (within the limitations of Ante’s law)<\/li>\n
            • In posterior modifications, utilize the advantages of direct and indirect retainers without resorting to a bridge<\/li>\n
            • When a posterior modification is present, triangular support and retention can be achieved with an additional (secondary) abutment anterior to the modification; however, due to the presence of a distal extension base, rotation still occurs around a diagonal fulcrum axis despite three-point support with three abutment teeth<\/li>\n
            • On the distal extension side: mesio-occlusal rest; on the opposing arch, additional rest support<\/li>\n
            • On the distal extension side, flexible clasp on the primary abutment; on the opposing arch, circumferential clasp on the most posterior abutment<\/li>\n
            • In posterior modifications, on the abutment anterior to the modification space: flexible clasp<\/li>\n
            • Indirect retainer on the opposing arch: cross-arch stabilization<\/li>\n
            • Utilize the posterior modification space as an indirect retainer<\/li>\n
            • Short guiding planes<\/li>\n
            • Maximally extended denture base and functional impression for tissue support<\/li>\n
            • Rigid major connector<\/li>\n
            • Unilateral balanced occlusion, group function, or canine-guided occlusion, depending on the length of the edentulous span<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

               <\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n

              Planning criteria for Kennedy Class III<\/h1>\n
                \n
              • Bilateral planning: Terminal (primary) abutments form a triangular or quadrangular support plane (in posterior modifications), with no rotation for denture base\/s<\/li>\n
              • Rests placed on surfaces adjacent to the edentulous space<\/li>\n
              • Triangular or quadrangular configuration, commonly planned with rigid circumferential clasp assemblies<\/li>\n
              • No need for indirect retainers<\/li>\n
              • In anterior modifications, consider a fixed partial denture option (within the limitations of Ante’s law)<\/li>\n
              • Extended and multiple guiding planes contribute to retention and help eliminate clasps from esthetic zones<\/li>\n
              • No need for tissue support or functional impression<\/li>\n
              • Rigid but simplified and comfortable major connector<\/li>\n
              • Preserve the patient\u2019s existing occlusal scheme (canine guidance or group function)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
                \n

                Planning criteria for Kennedy Class IV<\/h1>\n
                  \n
                • Two terminal abutments adjacent to the anterior edentulous span and additional bilateral abutments at the most posterior region of the dental arch<\/li>\n
                • Disto-occlusal rests on the anterior terminal abutments; bilateral embrasure rests on the posterior abutments<\/li>\n
                • Diametric or diagonal fulcrum axis (passing through the anterior abutments)<\/li>\n
                • Quadrangular clasp design or preferably only embrasure circumferential clasps on posterior abutments<\/li>\n
                • Elimination of anterior clasps by using bilateral short guiding planes<\/li>\n
                • Bilateral indirect retainers in the posterior region: distal arch stabilization<\/li>\n
                • Maximally extended denture base and functional impression for tissue support (especially in long-span edentulous areas)<\/li>\n
                • Rigid major connector<\/li>\n
                • Adjusted tooth arrangement (with no labial denture base flange) when no vertical or horizontal advanced resorption is present or presence of bony undercuts<\/li>\n
                • In occlusion: passive contact with opposing anterior natural teeth, with no contact during eccentric movements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                   <\/p>\n

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