{"id":74,"date":"2020-03-22T01:57:02","date_gmt":"2020-03-21T22:57:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ekitap.ankara.edu.tr\/oysk\/chapter\/__unknown__\/"},"modified":"2022-06-05T19:29:09","modified_gmt":"2022-06-05T16:29:09","slug":"__unknown__","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ekitap.ankara.edu.tr\/oysk\/chapter\/__unknown__\/","title":{"raw":"\u00d6YS Nedir?","rendered":"\u00d6YS Nedir?"},"content":{"raw":"
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Carnegie Mellon'daki \u00d6\u011frenme Sistemleri Mimarl\u0131k Laboratuvar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u201c\u00d6\u011frenme Y\u00f6netim Sistemi (\u00d6YS), bir veya daha fazla dersi bir veya daha fazla \u00f6\u011frenene ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketidir. \u00d6YS, \u00f6\u011frenenlerin derslere kay\u0131t olmalar\u0131n\u0131, dersleri tamamlamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirmelere kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan web tabanl\u0131 bir sistemdir.\u201d (Gallagher, 2007 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ge\u00e7en Y\u00d6US\u00c7, 2004).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu tan\u0131mlama geni\u015fletilecek olursa, \u00d6YS'ler \u00f6zellikle e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olmayan e-\u00d6\u011frenme olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok t\u00fcrde \u00f6\u011frenmeyi (bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla) y\u00f6netmek ve da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan sunucu tabanl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m sistemleri olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Genel olarak, bunlar \u00f6zellikle \u00f6\u011frenen performans\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6\u011frenen verilerini izleme ve y\u00f6netme kabiliyetini de i\u00e7erir. Pek \u00e7ok e\u011fitim kurulu\u015fu, \u00d6YS'lere t\u00fcm e-\u00d6\u011frenme i\u00e7erikleri ve \u00f6\u011frenen kay\u0131tlar\u0131 i\u00e7in tek bir eri\u015fim noktas\u0131 olarak g\u00fcvenmektedir. Bu, i\u00e7eri\u011fe \u201cher zaman, her yerde\u201d eri\u015fimi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir teknolojidir. Baz\u0131 sistemler (\u00d6\u0130YS'ler) yukar\u0131daki \u00f6zellikleri yazma ve i\u00e7erik ar\u015fivleme i\u015flevleri ile birle\u015ftirir. Baz\u0131 \u00d6\u0130YS'lerde, geli\u015ftirme arac\u0131n\u0131 veya i\u00e7erik deposu bile\u015fenlerini ay\u0131rabilir ve bunlar\u0131, sistemin \u00d6YS bile\u015fenine eklemeden ayr\u0131 uygulamalar olarak kullanabilirsiniz. Daha fazla ayr\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/span> 3.3<\/span> \u00d6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00d6YS'ler<\/span> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bak\u0131n\u0131z. Yazma arac\u0131 i\u015flevi, farkl\u0131 bir D\u0130\u00d6 makalesinde yer alan Yazma Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Se\u00e7me b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ( http:\/\/adlnet.gov\/adl-assets\/uploads\/2016\/01\/ChoosingAuthoringTools.docx<\/span> <\/span> <\/a> adresinden ula\u015f\u0131labilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6YS'ler ile ilgili di\u011fer sistem kategorileri,<\/span> 3<\/span> \u00d6\u011frenmenin Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve Y\u00f6netimi \u0130\u00e7in Sistem Kategorilerinde<\/span> ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/span> 1<\/span> -<\/span> Bu Makalenin Amac\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131<\/span> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, gereksinimlerinizi tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131layabilmek i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015flevleri anlamak \u00f6nemlidir lakin \u00d6YS asl\u0131nda ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olan \u015fey olmayabilir. \u2018\u00d6YS\u2019 terimi konusunda da dikkatli olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\u00a0<\/span>\n

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End\u00fcstri profesyonelleri bazen<\/span> 3<\/span> -<\/span> \u00d6\u011frenmenin Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve Y\u00f6netimi \u0130\u00e7in Sistem Kategorilerinde<\/span> tarif edilen di\u011fer sistem kategorilerini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in de \u2018\u00d6YS\u2019 terimini kullan\u0131rlar. Di\u011fer sistem kategorileri kendi sistemlerine \u00d6YS i\u015flevlerini ekledik\u00e7e ya da tam tersi oldu\u011funda bu sistemler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7izgiler gittik\u00e7e daha bulan\u0131k hale geldik\u00e7e kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ad\u0131na sistem i\u00e7in birincil kullan\u0131m ve pazarlama alan\u0131na g\u00f6re en uygun etiketin belirlenmesi ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Bu di\u011fer sistem kategorileri, standart \u00d6YS'den farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme i\u015flev k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca \u00d6YS ile \u00d6KA aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 anlamak \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6\u011frenme Kay\u0131t Ambar\u0131 (\u00d6KA) sadece xAPI'yi depolamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel bir sistemdir. \u00d6KA'n\u0131n, \u00d6YS'nin kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131z i\u015flevi kapsayacak bir sistem oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131nda bulunulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00d6YS, yerle\u015fik bir \u00d6KA i\u00e7erebilir ve bir \u00d6KA \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc baz\u0131 \u00d6YS i\u015flevlerini i\u00e7erebilir fakat bu sistemler temelde ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00d6KA' lar bir \u00d6KA se\u00e7imi ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir D\u0130\u00d6 makalesinde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (makaleye https:\/\/adlnet.gov\/adl-assets\/uploads\/2016\/01\/ChoosingAnLRS.docx<\/span> <\/span> <\/a> adresinden eri\u015filebilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir \u00d6YS taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan genel i\u015flevler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Yap\u0131 \u2013 \u00d6\u011frenmeyle ili\u015fkili t\u00fcm i\u015flevlerin tek bir sistemde merkezile\u015ftirilmesi ve d\u00fczenlenmesi, katmanl\u0131 aray\u00fczl\u00fc gezinme i\u015flevleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bu i\u015flevlere verimli eri\u015fimi sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> G\u00fcvenlik \u2013 \u00d6\u011frenme i\u00e7eri\u011fine, \u00f6\u011frenen kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ve y\u00f6netim i\u015flevlerine izinsiz eri\u015fimden korunma.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Kay\u0131t \u2013 \u00d6\u011frenenler ve \u00f6\u011frenenlerin y\u00f6neticileri vb. taraf\u0131ndan derslerin, program\u0131n vb. tespit edilmesi ve se\u00e7ilmesi veya atanmas\u0131. Bu, e\u011fitmen liderli\u011finde e\u011fitim yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u2013 \u00d6\u011frenenlere \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve \u00f6\u011frenme deneyimlerinin talep \u00fczerine aktar\u0131m\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Etkile\u015fim \u2013 \u0130\u00e7erik ve \u00d6YS aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6\u011frenenlerin i\u00e7erikle etkile\u015fimi, \u00f6\u011frenenler, \u00f6\u011fretmenler ve ders y\u00f6neticileri aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim ile etkile\u015fim (\u00f6rne\u011fin, SCORM i\u00e7eri\u011fi).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> De\u011ferlendirme \u2013 De\u011ferlendirme s\u0131navlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, de\u011ferlendirme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131, izlenmesi ve saklanmas\u0131, de\u011ferlendirme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak (muhtemelen ba\u015fka sistemlerde) daha ileri tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131. \u00d6YS'lerin \u00e7o\u011fu de\u011ferlendirme s\u0131navlar\u0131 olu\u015fturma yetene\u011fini de i\u00e7erir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u0130zleme\u2013 \u00d6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f e\u011fitim hedefleri ve gereksinimlerinde \u00f6\u011frenen ilerlemesi dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00f6\u011frenen verilerinin takibi ve \u00f6zellikle zorunlu e\u011fitimle ilgili gerekli ders y\u00fcklemelerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak (\u00f6rne\u011fin, uyum e\u011fitimi) derslerin izlenmesi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Raporlama \u2013 Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde izlenen bilgiler dahil olmak \u00fczere, y\u00f6neticiler ve payda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenenler ve dersler hakk\u0131nda bilgilerin \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sunulmas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Kay\u0131t tutma\u2013 \u00d6\u011frenenlerle ilgili verilerin saklanmas\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131. Bu, hem \u00f6\u011frenenlerin profillerini hem de \u00f6\u011frenenlerin ilerlemelerini ve ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren demografik bilgileri i\u00e7erir. Bu, \u00d6YS'nin bir kurulu\u015f i\u00e7in resmi \u201ckay\u0131t sistemi\u201d olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Yeniden Kullan\u0131ma Olanak Tan\u0131mak\u2013 Farkl\u0131 m\u00fcfredatlar ve \u00f6\u011frenme alanlar\u0131nda dersler ve derslerin muhtemel k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeniden birle\u015ftirilmesi (Bu daha \u00e7ok \u00d6\u0130YS'lerin \u00e7ok daha belirgin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir ancak s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u00d6YS'de de yer almaktad\u0131r).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirme\u2013 \u00d6YS i\u015flevlerinin, aray\u00fczleriyle \u00f6zelliklerinin, ki\u015fisel tercihler, kurumsal ihtiya\u00e7lar vb. ile e\u015fle\u015fmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. Geli\u015fmi\u015f sistemlerde, \u201cki\u015fiselle\u015ftirme\u201d, \u00f6\u011frenenin de\u011ferlendirilen veya tespit edilen \u00f6\u011frenme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in i\u00e7eri\u011fin veya \u00f6\u011frenme deneyimlerinin uyarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> B\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme \u2013Kurumsal \u00e7apta \u00f6\u011frenen performans\u0131n\u0131n izlenmesi ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerinin transferi i\u00e7in sistemler aras\u0131 veri payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve (i\u00e7erik y\u00f6netim sistemleri gibi) harici i\u00e7erik ve \u00f6\u011frenme kaynaklar\u0131ndan faydalanma.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Y\u00f6netim\u2013Bu listedeki t\u00fcm i\u015flevlerin merkezi y\u00f6netimi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki genel i\u015flevlere ek olarak, en kapsaml\u0131 \u00d6YS'lerde (\u00f6zellikle di\u011fer sistem kategorilerinin fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erenler \u2013 bk.<\/span> 3.<\/span> \u00d6\u011frenme Y\u00f6netimi ve Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Sistem Kategorileri<\/span> ) yeterlilik y\u00f6netimi, beceri eksikli\u011fi analizi (Gilhooly, 2001), ard\u0131l planlama, belgelendirme, sanal canl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar ve kaynak tahsisi gibi ara\u00e7lar bulunabilir (mekanlar, odalar, ders kitaplar\u0131 ve e\u011fitmenler).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bailey, Watson ve Watson (2007) \u00d6YS'lerin genel \u00f6zelliklerini \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u00d6\u011fretim ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bireysel derslere ba\u011flamak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Dersleri standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcfredata dahil etmek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Ders materyallerini tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde birka\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131f seviyesine geni\u015fletme<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Bir y\u00f6netim sistemi sa\u011flamak\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u00d6\u011frenen performans\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 toplamak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u00d6\u011frenenin \u00f6\u011frenme ilerlemesine dayal\u0131 olarak dersleri sunmak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer i\u015flevler Amerikan E\u011fitim ve Geli\u015fim Derne\u011fi (AEGD, 2008) taraf\u0131ndan \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u0130nsan kaynaklar\u0131 sistemi veya \u00f6\u011frenci bilgi sistemiyle (\u00d6BS) b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeyi sa\u011flama<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Kay\u0131tlar\u0131, m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131, sertifikalar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00e7elemeyi ve zamanlamay\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in ara\u00e7lar\u0131n dahil edilmesi<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u0130\u00e7erik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na eri\u015fim sa\u011flamak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Yazma, y\u00f6netme ve depolama dahil olmak \u00fczere i\u00e7erik geli\u015ftirmeyi etkinle\u015ftirmek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf e\u011fitim yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirmek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u00d6\u011frenenlerin yeterliliklerine ili\u015fkin eksiklerini de\u011ferlendirmek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> De\u011ferlendirici yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 desteklemek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Standartlara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Var olan sistem ve s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 desteklemek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6YS'ler genellikle birden fazla yay\u0131nc\u0131 ve i\u00e7erik sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve kendi yazma yeteneklerini (bir sistemi \u00d6\u0130YS olarak nitelendirir bk.<\/span> 3.2<\/span> \u00d6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00d6YS'ler<\/span> ) i\u00e7ermezler. Bunlar\u0131n odak noktas\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan olu\u015fturulan i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00f6netmek ve sunmakt\u0131r (Hall, 2002).<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n ","rendered":"

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Carnegie Mellon’daki \u00d6\u011frenme Sistemleri Mimarl\u0131k Laboratuvar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u201c\u00d6\u011frenme Y\u00f6netim Sistemi (\u00d6YS), bir veya daha fazla dersi bir veya daha fazla \u00f6\u011frenene ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketidir. \u00d6YS, \u00f6\u011frenenlerin derslere kay\u0131t olmalar\u0131n\u0131, dersleri tamamlamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirmelere kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan web tabanl\u0131 bir sistemdir.\u201d (Gallagher, 2007 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ge\u00e7en Y\u00d6US\u00c7, 2004).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu tan\u0131mlama geni\u015fletilecek olursa, \u00d6YS’ler \u00f6zellikle e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olmayan e-\u00d6\u011frenme olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok t\u00fcrde \u00f6\u011frenmeyi (bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla) y\u00f6netmek ve da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan sunucu tabanl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m sistemleri olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Genel olarak, bunlar \u00f6zellikle \u00f6\u011frenen performans\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6\u011frenen verilerini izleme ve y\u00f6netme kabiliyetini de i\u00e7erir. Pek \u00e7ok e\u011fitim kurulu\u015fu, \u00d6YS’lere t\u00fcm e-\u00d6\u011frenme i\u00e7erikleri ve \u00f6\u011frenen kay\u0131tlar\u0131 i\u00e7in tek bir eri\u015fim noktas\u0131 olarak g\u00fcvenmektedir. Bu, i\u00e7eri\u011fe \u201cher zaman, her yerde\u201d eri\u015fimi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir teknolojidir. Baz\u0131 sistemler (\u00d6\u0130YS’ler) yukar\u0131daki \u00f6zellikleri yazma ve i\u00e7erik ar\u015fivleme i\u015flevleri ile birle\u015ftirir. Baz\u0131 \u00d6\u0130YS’lerde, geli\u015ftirme arac\u0131n\u0131 veya i\u00e7erik deposu bile\u015fenlerini ay\u0131rabilir ve bunlar\u0131, sistemin \u00d6YS bile\u015fenine eklemeden ayr\u0131 uygulamalar olarak kullanabilirsiniz. Daha fazla ayr\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/span> 3.3<\/span> \u00d6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00d6YS’ler<\/span> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bak\u0131n\u0131z. Yazma arac\u0131 i\u015flevi, farkl\u0131 bir D\u0130\u00d6 makalesinde yer alan Yazma Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Se\u00e7me b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ( http:\/\/adlnet.gov\/adl-assets\/uploads\/2016\/01\/ChoosingAuthoringTools.docx<\/span> <\/span> <\/a> adresinden ula\u015f\u0131labilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6YS’ler ile ilgili di\u011fer sistem kategorileri,<\/span> 3<\/span> \u00d6\u011frenmenin Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve Y\u00f6netimi \u0130\u00e7in Sistem Kategorilerinde<\/span> ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/span> 1<\/span> –<\/span> Bu Makalenin Amac\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131<\/span> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, gereksinimlerinizi tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131layabilmek i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015flevleri anlamak \u00f6nemlidir lakin \u00d6YS asl\u0131nda ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olan \u015fey olmayabilir. \u2018\u00d6YS\u2019 terimi konusunda da dikkatli olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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End\u00fcstri profesyonelleri bazen<\/span> 3<\/span> –<\/span> \u00d6\u011frenmenin Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve Y\u00f6netimi \u0130\u00e7in Sistem Kategorilerinde<\/span> tarif edilen di\u011fer sistem kategorilerini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in de \u2018\u00d6YS\u2019 terimini kullan\u0131rlar. Di\u011fer sistem kategorileri kendi sistemlerine \u00d6YS i\u015flevlerini ekledik\u00e7e ya da tam tersi oldu\u011funda bu sistemler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7izgiler gittik\u00e7e daha bulan\u0131k hale geldik\u00e7e kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ad\u0131na sistem i\u00e7in birincil kullan\u0131m ve pazarlama alan\u0131na g\u00f6re en uygun etiketin belirlenmesi ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Bu di\u011fer sistem kategorileri, standart \u00d6YS’den farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme i\u015flev k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca \u00d6YS ile \u00d6KA aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 anlamak \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6\u011frenme Kay\u0131t Ambar\u0131 (\u00d6KA) sadece xAPI’yi depolamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel bir sistemdir. \u00d6KA’n\u0131n, \u00d6YS’nin kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131z i\u015flevi kapsayacak bir sistem oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131nda bulunulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00d6YS, yerle\u015fik bir \u00d6KA i\u00e7erebilir ve bir \u00d6KA \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc baz\u0131 \u00d6YS i\u015flevlerini i\u00e7erebilir fakat bu sistemler temelde ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00d6KA’ lar bir \u00d6KA se\u00e7imi ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir D\u0130\u00d6 makalesinde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (makaleye https:\/\/adlnet.gov\/adl-assets\/uploads\/2016\/01\/ChoosingAnLRS.docx<\/span> <\/span> <\/a> adresinden eri\u015filebilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir \u00d6YS taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan genel i\u015flevler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Yap\u0131 \u2013 \u00d6\u011frenmeyle ili\u015fkili t\u00fcm i\u015flevlerin tek bir sistemde merkezile\u015ftirilmesi ve d\u00fczenlenmesi, katmanl\u0131 aray\u00fczl\u00fc gezinme i\u015flevleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bu i\u015flevlere verimli eri\u015fimi sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> G\u00fcvenlik \u2013 \u00d6\u011frenme i\u00e7eri\u011fine, \u00f6\u011frenen kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ve y\u00f6netim i\u015flevlerine izinsiz eri\u015fimden korunma.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Kay\u0131t \u2013 \u00d6\u011frenenler ve \u00f6\u011frenenlerin y\u00f6neticileri vb. taraf\u0131ndan derslerin, program\u0131n vb. tespit edilmesi ve se\u00e7ilmesi veya atanmas\u0131. Bu, e\u011fitmen liderli\u011finde e\u011fitim yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u2013 \u00d6\u011frenenlere \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve \u00f6\u011frenme deneyimlerinin talep \u00fczerine aktar\u0131m\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Etkile\u015fim \u2013 \u0130\u00e7erik ve \u00d6YS aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6\u011frenenlerin i\u00e7erikle etkile\u015fimi, \u00f6\u011frenenler, \u00f6\u011fretmenler ve ders y\u00f6neticileri aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim ile etkile\u015fim (\u00f6rne\u011fin, SCORM i\u00e7eri\u011fi).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> De\u011ferlendirme \u2013 De\u011ferlendirme s\u0131navlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, de\u011ferlendirme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131, izlenmesi ve saklanmas\u0131, de\u011ferlendirme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak (muhtemelen ba\u015fka sistemlerde) daha ileri tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131. \u00d6YS’lerin \u00e7o\u011fu de\u011ferlendirme s\u0131navlar\u0131 olu\u015fturma yetene\u011fini de i\u00e7erir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u0130zleme\u2013 \u00d6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f e\u011fitim hedefleri ve gereksinimlerinde \u00f6\u011frenen ilerlemesi dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00f6\u011frenen verilerinin takibi ve \u00f6zellikle zorunlu e\u011fitimle ilgili gerekli ders y\u00fcklemelerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak (\u00f6rne\u011fin, uyum e\u011fitimi) derslerin izlenmesi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Raporlama \u2013 Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde izlenen bilgiler dahil olmak \u00fczere, y\u00f6neticiler ve payda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenenler ve dersler hakk\u0131nda bilgilerin \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sunulmas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Kay\u0131t tutma\u2013 \u00d6\u011frenenlerle ilgili verilerin saklanmas\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131. Bu, hem \u00f6\u011frenenlerin profillerini hem de \u00f6\u011frenenlerin ilerlemelerini ve ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren demografik bilgileri i\u00e7erir. Bu, \u00d6YS’nin bir kurulu\u015f i\u00e7in resmi \u201ckay\u0131t sistemi\u201d olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Yeniden Kullan\u0131ma Olanak Tan\u0131mak\u2013 Farkl\u0131 m\u00fcfredatlar ve \u00f6\u011frenme alanlar\u0131nda dersler ve derslerin muhtemel k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeniden birle\u015ftirilmesi (Bu daha \u00e7ok \u00d6\u0130YS’lerin \u00e7ok daha belirgin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir ancak s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u00d6YS’de de yer almaktad\u0131r).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirme\u2013 \u00d6YS i\u015flevlerinin, aray\u00fczleriyle \u00f6zelliklerinin, ki\u015fisel tercihler, kurumsal ihtiya\u00e7lar vb. ile e\u015fle\u015fmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. Geli\u015fmi\u015f sistemlerde, \u201cki\u015fiselle\u015ftirme\u201d, \u00f6\u011frenenin de\u011ferlendirilen veya tespit edilen \u00f6\u011frenme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in i\u00e7eri\u011fin veya \u00f6\u011frenme deneyimlerinin uyarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> B\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme \u2013Kurumsal \u00e7apta \u00f6\u011frenen performans\u0131n\u0131n izlenmesi ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerinin transferi i\u00e7in sistemler aras\u0131 veri payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve (i\u00e7erik y\u00f6netim sistemleri gibi) harici i\u00e7erik ve \u00f6\u011frenme kaynaklar\u0131ndan faydalanma.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Y\u00f6netim\u2013Bu listedeki t\u00fcm i\u015flevlerin merkezi y\u00f6netimi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki genel i\u015flevlere ek olarak, en kapsaml\u0131 \u00d6YS’lerde (\u00f6zellikle di\u011fer sistem kategorilerinin fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erenler \u2013 bk.<\/span> 3.<\/span> \u00d6\u011frenme Y\u00f6netimi ve Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Sistem Kategorileri<\/span> ) yeterlilik y\u00f6netimi, beceri eksikli\u011fi analizi (Gilhooly, 2001), ard\u0131l planlama, belgelendirme, sanal canl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar ve kaynak tahsisi gibi ara\u00e7lar bulunabilir (mekanlar, odalar, ders kitaplar\u0131 ve e\u011fitmenler).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bailey, Watson ve Watson (2007) \u00d6YS’lerin genel \u00f6zelliklerini \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u00d6\u011fretim ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bireysel derslere ba\u011flamak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Dersleri standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcfredata dahil etmek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Ders materyallerini tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde birka\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131f seviyesine geni\u015fletme<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Bir y\u00f6netim sistemi sa\u011flamak\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u00d6\u011frenen performans\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 toplamak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u00d6\u011frenenin \u00f6\u011frenme ilerlemesine dayal\u0131 olarak dersleri sunmak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer i\u015flevler Amerikan E\u011fitim ve Geli\u015fim Derne\u011fi (AEGD, 2008) taraf\u0131ndan \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u0130nsan kaynaklar\u0131 sistemi veya \u00f6\u011frenci bilgi sistemiyle (\u00d6BS) b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeyi sa\u011flama<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Kay\u0131tlar\u0131, m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131, sertifikalar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00e7elemeyi ve zamanlamay\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in ara\u00e7lar\u0131n dahil edilmesi<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u0130\u00e7erik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na eri\u015fim sa\u011flamak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Yazma, y\u00f6netme ve depolama dahil olmak \u00fczere i\u00e7erik geli\u015ftirmeyi etkinle\u015ftirmek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf e\u011fitim yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirmek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> \u00d6\u011frenenlerin yeterliliklerine ili\u015fkin eksiklerini de\u011ferlendirmek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> De\u011ferlendirici yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 desteklemek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Standartlara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Var olan sistem ve s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 desteklemek<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/span> Veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6YS’ler genellikle birden fazla yay\u0131nc\u0131 ve i\u00e7erik sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve kendi yazma yeteneklerini (bir sistemi \u00d6\u0130YS olarak nitelendirir bk.<\/span> 3.2<\/span> \u00d6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00d6YS’ler<\/span> ) i\u00e7ermezler. Bunlar\u0131n odak noktas\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan olu\u015fturulan i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00f6netmek ve sunmakt\u0131r (Hall, 2002).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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